English literature

 Prof.Abdelhamid Fouda 

==========================

English literature 

IMPORTANT TERMS

1. #Alliteration. The repetition of consonance in the begining of a sentnce.

2. #Assonance. The repetition of vowels in the begining of a sentnce.

3. #Allusion: references fr0m historic events, pers0nality or place.

4. #Dialect: the different pronounciati0n of the word.

5. #Free verse: a poem having no regular meter and no rhyming scheme.

6. #Blank verse. A poem having regular meter but n0 rhyming scheme.

7.#Poetry. Best words in best orders 

8. #Ballad. A narative poem compose of quatrains. OR a narative poem having a story of hero and events.

9. #Sonnet. A poem of 14 lines with rhyming scheme ABAB.

10. #Hymm. A poem in which we praise God.

11. #Couplet. Two lines having same rhyming scheme.

12. #Wit. the act of loosing senses.

13. #Paradox. Self contradictory statement.

14. #Conceit. It is a figure of speech in two vastly different objects are linked together with the help of simile or metaphor. 

15. #Allegory. A literary term that is used to reveal hidden meanings.

16. #Lyric. A poetry which used for music.

17. #Epic. A l0ng narrative poem which describe the st0ry of hero. Like Rape Of The Lock, Paradise Lost.

18. #Acrostic poem. A poem in whch first letter of each line form a word.

19. #Cinquin. A poem whch has five lines stanza. It has no rhyming scheme.

20. #Clasicism. A poetry whch includes Greek And Latin civilizations.

21 #Ode. A poem that can be sung like a s0ng.

22. #Elegy. A poem of sorrows. 

23. #Pastoral. Song of shepherd.

24. #Metaphysical. A spirtual and imaginary poetry. Beyond imagination.

25. Metaphor. Comparison without using like, as.

26. Simile. Comparison using words like, as

27. Accent. The tone of the speaker.

28. Protagonist. The hero of the novel or drama.

29. Antagonist. Villain of drama.

30. Irony. A speech having intended meanings different from actuality.

31. Hubris. Excessive pride.

32. Satire. to criticise someone's traits, behaviour etc

33. Renaisance. Era of 14th century to 17th century. Rebirth of knowledge, literature etc.

34. M0ck epic. A long narrative poem based on criticism in a humouric way. Like Rape Of The Lock.

35. Hyperbole. Extreme exaggeration to increase the influence.

36. Paradox. Self contradictory statement.

37. Oxymoron. Two opposite words or ideas that are joined together. Like OPEN SECRET, TRAGIC C0MEDY.

38. Dactylic. A word of three syllables one long & two short.

39. Etymology. The devel0pment of any w0rd in respect to its historical background meanings. 

40. Iambic pentameter. A line of verse with five metrical feet , each consisting of one short syllable followed by one long syllable. For example: Two household

Wordsworth, the poet of nature

 Prof. Abdelhamid Fouda 

=========================

Wordsworth, the poet of nature

Nature was the source of all joy for Wordsworth.

Nature was the source of all joy for Wordsworth. Nature for him was a living personality just like a teacher, a guardian and a nurse. Abdul Ghani Dar writes.

 Wordsworth is a nature poet, a fact known to every reader of Wordsworth. He is a supreme worshipper of Nature. Nature has a pivotal position in his poetry. Wordsworth's philosophy of nature can be understood within the following three parameters:

1) He conceived Nature as a living personality.

2) Nature as a source of consolation and joy.

3) Nature as a great teacher, guardian and nurse.

 Wordsworth believed that in the living personality of nature a divine spirit, termed as mystical pantheism, is prevailing in all objects of Nature. This belief finds a complete expression in tintern abbey where he says that the spirit rolls through all the objects of Nature: 

A motion and a spirit, that impels

All thinking things, all objects of all thought,

And rolls through all things.

 He believed that between man and nature there is a mutual consciousness, spiritual communion or mystic intercourse. He takes his readers into the secret of the soul's communion with Nature. His belief is that human beings who grow up in the lap of nature are perfect and poised in every respect. Tintern Abbey, Three Years She Grew in Sun and Shower and To a Highland Girl are his typical poems where this belief is expressed in a simple way. The Highland Girl, an emblem of female perfection, is born and bred in a natural environment.

 Wordsworth looked upon Nature as exercising a soothing and healing influence on sorrow stricken hearts. He tells his sister Dorothy Wordsworth of the tranquilling effect of Nature on troubled minds. In Tintern Abbey he says:

And now, with gleams of half-extinguished thought,

With many recognitions dim and faint,

And somewhat of a sad perplexity,

The picture of the mind revives again:

While here I stand not only with the sense of present pleasure,

but with pleasing thoughts.

That in this moment there is life and food

For future years…

 So whenever the poet felt oppressed by fretful stir and tension of the world, he felt relief by thinking about Nature and it scenes.

 Throughout his poetry Wordsworth emphasized and highlighted the belief that Nature is a great moral teacher, the best mother, guardian and nurse of man. For instance, in Three Years She Grew in Sun And Shower, he says:

Myself will to my darling be

Both law and impulse: and with me

The Girl, in rock and plain,

In earth and heaven, in glade and bower

Shall feel an overseeing power

To kindle and restrain.

The floating clouds their state shall lend

To her, for the willow bend,

Nor shall she fail to see

Even in the motion of the storm,

Grace that shall mould the Maiden's form

By silent sympathy.

 His belief is that there is a direct spiritual communion between man and Nature. In Tintern Abbey, he says:

The anchor of my purest thoughts, the nurse,

The guide, the guardian of my heart, and soul

of all my moral being.

 Wordsworth believed in the education of man by Nature. In this respect Wordsworth was influenced by Rouseau who was a great educationist of man by Nature. In The Tables Turned, Wordsworth urges his friend to leave his books and come out into open Nature which is a living book and since he can learn more about man and about moral good or evil and the vernal wood than from all the sages. So in The Tables Turned he says:

Books! 'tis a dull and endless strife;

Come, here the woodland linnel,

How sweet his music! on my life,

There is more of wisdom in it.

And hark! How blithe the throstle sings? 

He, too is no mean preacher:

Come forth into the light of things

Let Nature be your teacher,

One impulse from a vernal wood,

May teach you more of man

Of moral evil and of good,

Than all the sages can.

 According to Wordsworth Nature appears to have a formative influence superior to anything and thus influences and moulds human character. He tells his sister Dorothy that "Nature never did betray the heart that loved her (Nature)", that Nature can impress the human mind with quietness and beauty; that nature gives human beings lofty thoughts. He advises his sister to let the moon shine on her and winds blow on her, i.e., to enlighten herself under the Nature's influence.

 Without learning from Nature-teacher, man's life is vain and totally incomplete. In the Prelude, Tintern Abbey and the Immortality Ode Wordsworth traces that evolution of the development of his love for nature. At the first stage (in the evolution of thought) Wordsworth found pleasure in roaming about in the midst of Nature. Like a deer he leaped about over the mountains, by the side of deep rivers and alone in the lonely streams. He wandered about wherever Nature led him. His wanderings in the midst of Nature are described by him as a "glad animal movement" and the joy he enjoyed in the midst of Nature is called a coarse pleasure. In Prelude Book 1 he says:

Oh, many a time, have I a five year child,

In a small mill-race severed from his stream,

Made one long bathing of a summer's day;

Basked in the Sun, and plunged and basked again.

Alternative, all a Summer's day, or Scoured 

The sandy fields, leaping through flowery groves,

…and from my mother's hut. 

Had sun abroad in wantoness, to sport.

A naked savage, in thunder shower.

 At the second stage, Wordsworth's love for Nature was purely physical, sensual and aesthetic. The Picturesque-Nature i.e., mountains, multi coloured and multi fragranced flowers and noisy water falls and murmuring streams haunted him thoughtlessly like a passion. In Tintern Abbey he says:

…..The sounding cataract

Haunted me like a passion: the tall rock,

The mountains and the deep and gloomy wood,

Their colours and their forms, were then to me

An appetite; a feeling and a love,

That had no need of a remote charm,

By thought Supplied, nor any interest 

Unborrowed from the eye,

 Finally at the third stage Wordsworth's love for Nature attained a spiritual and intellectual model and he realized Nature's role as a guardian. He now became thoughtful as he had now seen the sufferings of mankind as he heard "the still, sad music of humanity". In the Immortality Ode he says: 

To me the meanest flower that blows can give

Thoughts that do often lie too deep for tears.

 Wordsworth now as a pantheist found a latent but significant spiritual communication and communion between man and Nature. He realized the living presence of nature in all objects of nature i.e., the setting sun, in blue Sky and blue Oceans and blue cosmos etc. etc.

English Literature....

 Prof. Abdelhamid Fouda 

===========================

*#English Literature*

_English Literature refers to the study of texts from around the world, written in the English language. ... An English Literature major will likely examine texts including poetry, drama, and prose fiction, perhaps briefly covering more contested forms of literature in their chosen path._

*#Drama:*

_In literature, a drama is the portrayal of fictional or non-fictional events through the performance of written dialog (either prose or poetry). Dramas can be performed on stage, on film, or the radio._

*#Classical Poetry:*

_Classical poems typically consist of a combination of thought and passion. Emotions are analyzed from an intellectual standpoint and passion is balanced out with reasoning and rationalizations. The result is a blending of emotions, intellect and often love._

*#Romantic Poetry:*

_Romantic poetry is the poetry of sentiments, emotions and imagination. Romantic poetry opposed the objectivity of neoclassical poetry. Neoclassical poets avoided describing their personal emotions in their poetry, unlike the Romantics._

*#Prose:*

_Prose is a form of written or spoken language that usually exhibits a natural flow of speech and grammatical structure. A related narrative device is the stream of consciousness, which also flows naturally but is not concerned with syntax. The word "prose" first appears in English in the 14th century._

*#Literay Criticsim*

_Literary Criticism is the term for writing that studies, evaluates, discusses, and interprets works of literature. Criticism may also indicate a theoretical approach to interpreting the work, such as new criticism, deconstruction, new historicism, queer theory, reader response or structuralism._

*#Fiction*

_Fiction is any story made up by an author. It is a creation of the author's imagination. It is not based strictly on history or facts. The opposite of fiction is non-fiction, writing that deals with facts and true events. ... The word fiction comes from the Latin word fictum, which means "created"._

*#Literay Essay*

_essay, an analytic, interpretative, or critical literary composition usually much shorter and less systematic and formal than a dissertation or thesis and usually dealing with its subject from a limited and often personal point of view._

*The most important 8 periods of English Literature are:*

Old English (Anglo-Saxon Period): 450–1066.

Middle English Period: 1066-1500.

The Renaissance: 1500-1600.

The Neoclassical Period: 1600-1785.

The Romantic Period: 1785-1832.

The Victorian Age: 1832-1901.

The Edwardian Period: 1901-1914.

The Georgian Period: 1910-1936.

*#WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE*

_Poet and playwright William Shakespeare (1564 – 1616) is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and one of the world's greatest dramatists. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright & father of romantic comedy & drama._

*#GEOFFREY CHAUCER*

_Geoffrey Chaucer, the father of English literature, was born in circa 1340 in London. He is most famous for writing his unfinished work, The Canterbury Tales, which is considered as one of the greatest poetic works in English._

*#HENRY FIELDING*

_Legacy. Sir Walter Scott called *Henry Fielding* the “father of the English novel,” and the phrase still indicates Fielding's place in the history of literature._

*#CHARLES GILDON*

_Charles de Saint-Évremond placed Jonson's comedies above all else in English drama, and Charles Gildon called Jonson the father of English comedy._

_*#William Tyndale:* The Father of English Prose. The King James Bible, since its publication in 1611, has had a profound influence on the development of the English language, not only in the words and phrases that it employed but also in the syntax and grammatical usages that it rendered into the English vernacular._

_*#John Dryden* is rightly considered as “the father of English Criticism”. He was the first to teach the English people to determine the merit of composition upon principles. With Dryden, a new era of criticism began._

_*#William Wordsworth*  is considered the father of Romantic poetry. His poetry was inspired by the beautiful and lonesome English countryside where he lived quietly at a lake district._

ENGLISH LANGUAGE LITERATURE INTERVIEW QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

 Prof Abdelhamid Fouda 

==========================

ENGLISH LANGUAGE LITERATURE INTERVIEW QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

English Language Literature Interview Questions

English Language Literature Interview Questions And Answers Prev

Question 1. What Is Onomatopoeia ?

Answer :

It means making a word by using a sound that suggests the object.

Question 2. What Is Epic ?

Answer :

Epic is a long narrative poem.

Sound Interview Questions

Question 3. Name Two Of The Poems Termed As “ Epic ” ?

Answer :

Mahabharatha and Iliad.

 

Question 4. What Is Epic Narrative ?

Answer :

Some poems which seem to be epic in style and narration are epic narratives .

Spoken English Errors Tutorial

Question 5. What Is Simple Narrative ?

Answer :

It is direct telling of a simple story in the form of poem.

Science Interview Questions

Question 6. Who Is The Author Of Malgudi Days ?

Answer :

R.K.Narayan

 

Question 7. Which Politican Of Indiawrote The Novel “ The Insider ” ?

Answer :

P.V.Narasimha Rao.

Archery Tutorial Electronics Interview Questions

Question 8. Who Ever The Three Sisters Who Became Famous English Novelists ?

Answer :

The Bronte sisters.

 

Question 9. How Was The Vice Chancellor Of Bangalore University. He Was An Eminet Poet And Won Jnanapeeth Award. Who Is He ?

Answer :

V.K. Gokak

Physics Interview Questions

Question 10. Who Wrote The Famous Book “ The Mother ” ?

Answer :

Maxim Gorky.

Question 11. What Is Etymology ?

Answer :

It is branch of linguistics dealing with the tracing of a word or words back as far as possible to find out the origin.

Archery Interview Questions

Question 12. What Is An Ode ?

Answer :

It is a long poem written on a public occasion. The expression will be as addressing some person or personified thing.

 

Sound Interview Questions

Question 13. Who Wrote The Just So Stories ?

Answer :

Rudyard Kipling.

Question 14. Who Wrote The Autobiography “ Against The Grain ” ?

Answer :

Boris Yeltsin.

 

Question 15. Who Is A “ Dog In The Manger ” ?

Answer :

Some one who keeps what he does not want in order that no one else shall enjoy it.

Light Interview Questions

Question 16. Which Two Languages Are Regarded As The Origin Of The English Language ?

Answer :

Greek and Latin

 

Question 17. In The English Language What Does The Linguistic Term Hybrid Mean ?

Answer :

A word that is composed of parts from two or more languages. Eg automobile

Bacteria Interview Questions

Question 18. What Is Verse Essay ?

Answer :

This is a type of poem that provokes thought on a topic of interest.

 

Science Interview Questions

Question 19. What Are The Two Types Of Verse Essay ?

Answer :

They are didactive verse and satires.

Question 20. What Is Lyric ?

Answer :

Lyric is a short poem. It expresses feelings and moods.

 

Asia Interview Questions

Question 21. What Are The Name Of The Essay Written By The Great Poet P.b.shelley That Caused Him To Be Thrown Out Of Oxford University ?

Answer :

Necessity of atheism.

Question 22. Who Wrote “ Chithirapavai ”, The Jnanathapith Award Winner Of 1975 ?

Answer :

P. V. Akilandan

 

Question 23. What Was The Name Of The Nine Year Old Girl Who Wrote The Book ‘ The Young Visitors ’ ?

Answer :

Daisy Ashford.

Solar System Interview Questions

Question 24. Which Book Helped To Start A Civil War ?

Answer :

Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe.

 

Electronics Interview Questions

Question 25. What Is Op Art ?

Answer :

It is a form abstract art, which tries to produce optical illusions.

Question 26. Which Is The Famous Novel Still Considered To Be The Greatest ?

Answer :

 ‘ War and peace ’ by Leo Tolstoy.

 

Question 27. What Is A Grangerized Book ?

Answer :

A book with some blank pages, which can be illustrated with prints of pictures, cut out of other books.

Physics Interview Questions

Question 28. What Is Epigram ?

Answer :

An epigram is a short poem. It does not exceed more than six lines. It express a witty climax.

Question 29. What Is Dramatic Poetry ?

Answer :

Some dramas contain much poetry as in the dramas of shakespeare. Such a method of writing poetry is dramatic poetry.

Question 30. What Is Dramatic Lyric ?

Answer :

A poem in which the poet speaks in the voice of another personality is a dramatic lyric.

Question 31. Who Is The Author Of The Book “ Death Of A City ” ?

Answer :

Amrita Preetam.

Question 32. What Is Ballad ?

Answer :

It is poem of simple language and is presented with music accompanied to dance.

Question 33. What Is A Dictionary ?

Answer :

A dictionary is a book of alphabetically listed words in a language with etymologies, pronunciations, definitions etc.

Archery Interview Questions

Question 34. Who Is Author Of The Banned Book “ Workshipping False Gods ” ?

Answer :

Arun Shourie

Question 35. In Printing The Right Hand Page Of A Book Is Called Recto. What Is The Left - Hand Page Called ?

Answer :

Verso.

Question 36. What Is The Concluding Part Of A Liberary Work Called ?

Answer :

An Epilogue

Light Interview Questions

Question 37. Which Sanskrit Word Has “ Veda ” Been Derived From ?

Answer :

Vid, meaning to know.

Question 38. What Is A Lexicon ?

Answer :

A lexicon is the specical vocabulary of a particular author, field of study etc.

Question 39. Who Is Lexicographer ?

Answer :

A person who writes dictionaries is a lexicographer.

Question 40. Who Won The Prestigious Onassis Award Of Greece For One Of Her Plays ?

Answer :

Manjula Padmanabha.

Bacteria Interview Questions

Question 41. Which British Prime Minister Won Nobel Prize For Literature ?

Answer :

Winston Churchill

Question 42. Arundhati Roy Won Booker Prize For Her First Book. Which Is That Book ?

Answer :

The god of small things.

Asia Interview Questions

Question 43. Who Is The Author Of The Controversial Book “ It Takes A Village ” ?

Answer :

Hillary Clinton.

Question 44. Name The Indian Language In Which Early Buddhist Literature Was Written?

Answer :

Pali

Question 45. What Is Lexicography ?

Answer :

The act of writing or compiling words and their meanings for the creation of a dictionary is lexicography.

Question 46. Which Is The Mother Language Of Malayalam ?

Answer :

Tamil

Question 47. Which Italian Poet Said, “ Nature Is The Art Of God ” ?

Answer :

Dante

Question 48. What Is Poem Of Fourteen Lines Called ?

Answer :

Sonnet

Question 49. Who Is The American Writer Won The Pulitzer Prize For Her Novel ‘ The Good Earth ’ ?

Answer :

Pearl S. Buck

Question 50. Who Is The American Author Of The Famous Novel “ Portrait Of A Lady ” ?

Answer :

Henry James.

Question 51. Who Is The First Recipient Of The Prestigious Jnanapeeth Award ?

Answer :

Sankara Kurup

Question 52. Who Is The First Indian To Win Nobel Prize ?

Answer :

Ravindranath Tagore.

Question 53. What Are The Names Of The Three Musketeers In Alexander Dumas’s Book ?

Answer :

Athos, porthos and aramis.

Question 54. What Is The Name Of Gulliver In Swift’s Book Gulliver’s Travels ?

Answer :

Lemuel

Question 55. Who Is The First Kannada Poet Who Won Jnanapeeth Award ?

Answer :

Dr. K.V. Puttappa

Question 56. Who Is The Miserly Hero Of Charles Dickens’s Book ‘a Chritmasc Carol ’ ?

Answer :

Ebenezer Scrooge

Question 57. Which Ancient Dravidean Language In India Is Still Used ?

Answer :

Tamil

Question 58. Which Dictionary Of Malayalam - English Type Is Considered As The First Authoritative And Authentic One ?

Answer :

It is Gundert Nikhantu ( dictionary ) prepared by Dr. Herman Gundert.

Question 59. What Is Orthography ?

Answer :

Any method of speeling is termed by this word.

Question 60. What Is Transliteration ?

Answer :

It is way of writing or speeling a word using the alphabet of another language.

Question 61. How Many Writers In Kannda Have Received Jnanapeeth Award Till 1998 ?

Answer :

Six

Question 62. Who Was The Creator Of The Character “ Tarzan ” ?

Answer :

Edgar Rice Burroughs.

Question 63. The Author Of Ashtadhyayi ?

Answer :

Panini

Question 64. Shakespear’s Last Play ?

Answer :

The tempest.

Question 65. When Was First Crossword Puzzle Published ?

Answer :

In 1913 in new york sunday world.

Question 66. Which Is The Oldest Continuously Published Newspaper In The World ?

Answer :

Post och Inrikes Tidningar, since 1645 in sweden.

Question 67. What Is An Abbrevation ?

Answer :

An abbrevation is a shortened form a long word or a group of words.

Question 68. What Is Slang ?

Answer :

Slang is an informal use of language and it is short - lived. It is generally a use of language related to some work, way of life etc.. In slang, words are coined and new meanings are given to words.

Question 69. In Which Century Did Omar Khayyam Write His “ Rubaiyat ” ?

Answer :

Omar Khayyam wrote “ Rubaiyat ” in eleventh century.

Question 70. He Was A Doctor Turned Detective Writer, Finally He Gave Up His Pratice And Became A Full Time Writer. Who Is He ?

Answer :

ISir Arthur Conan Doyle.

Question 71. “ What Is The Name ” ? Who Said This ?

Answer :

Shakespeare.

Question 72. Who Is Author Of “ Endymion ” ?

Answer :

Keats wrote “ endymion ” at the age of 24.

Question 73. Who Wrote The Famous Hindi Poem ‘ A Mere Vatan Ki Logo ’ ?

Answer :

Pradeep.

Question 74. She Was Called The Night Angle Of India. She Was A Poet Besides A Politican Mention Her Name?

Answer :

Sarojini Naidu

Question 75. Sappho Was A Greek Poetess. She Lived In About 600 B.c. On Which Island Did She Live ?

Answer :

Lesbos.

Question 76. A Dog Is One Of The Characters Of The Shalespearean Play. Name The Play ?

Answer :

Two gentlemen of verona.

Question 77. His Own Is The Pseudonym Of The British Author. Who Is The Author ?

Answer :

Sir Arthur Conan Doyle

Question 78. Men Are April When They Woo, December When They Wed. This Is A Dialogue In One Of The Plays Of Shakespeare. Name The Play ?

Answer :

As you like it.

Question 79. What Is Dialect ?

Answer :

Dialect is the form of a spoken language peculiar to a region, community, social group, occupational group etc.

Question 80. What Is Colloquial Language ?

Answer :

Colloquial language is the informal use of language in which words, phrases, idioms and everything is designated the form of informal speech and writing.

Question 81. What Is Coinage ?

Answer :

Coinage is used for a word or expression invented.

Question 82. Who Is A Grammarian ?

Answer :

A grammarian is a specialist or expert in grammar.

Question 83. What Is Length Of The Longest Word ?

Answer :

It consists of 100 letters.

Question 84. His Works Demonstrate His Brilliant Wit. He Won Nobel Prize For Literature In 1925. Who Was He ?

Answer :

George Bernard Shaw.

Question 85. Pearl S. Buck Won Nobel Prize In 1938. What Are Her Earlier Name ?

Answer :

Pearl Sydenstricker

Question 86. Mention One Of The Famous Novels Of Jane Austen ?

Answer :

Pride and Prejudice

Question 87. In Which Country Did The Famous Dramatic Genre Called Commedia Dell Arte Originate ?

Answer :

Italy

Question 88. Who Coined The Word “ Wive ” And What Does It Mean ?

Answer :

Shakespeare coined this term and it means to marry.

Question 89. The Pen Name Of English Novelist Who Wrote “ Animal Farm ” Is George Orwell. What Is The His Original Name ?

Answer :

Eric Arthur Blair.

Question 90. Which Country Does Aeschylus Belong To ?

Answer :

Greece.

Question 91. Which First Play Written By George Bernard Shaw ?

Answer :

Widowers Houses.

Question 92. Who Is Known As The Father Of English Poetry ?

Answer :

Geoffrey Chaucer.

Question 93. “ Water Water Everywhere, Not A Drop To Drink ”. Who Wrote These Famous Words In One Of His Poems ?

Answer :

Samuel Taylor Coleridge

Question 94. Where Does The Longest Word Come From ?

Answer :

The book Finnegans wake by James Joyce.

Question 95. How Long Is The Word Second To The Longest One ?

Answer :

45 letters long.

Question 96. What Is The Length Of The Word Third To The Longest ?

Answer :

29 letters long.

Question 97. What Is The Length Of The Forth And Fifth Words Compared To The Longest One ?

Answer :

28 letters and 27 letters respectively.

Question 98. What Is The Prize Given Every Year To The Author Of The Best American Book For Children ?

Answer :

Newberg Medal

Question 99. Which Country Has The Most Languages ?

Answer :

India

Question 100. Which Country Has More Daily Newspapers ?

Answer :

United States of America.

Question 101. The Author Of “ Black Beauty ” Was A Campaigner Against Cruelty To Horses. What Was Her Name ?

Answer :

Anna Sewell.

Question 102. Who Is The Author Of The Kannada Novel “ Parva ” The Story Related To Mahabharatha ?

Answer :

S.L. Byrappa

Question 103. Name The First Woman Jnanapeeth Award Winner In India ?

Answer :

Ashapoorna Devi

Question 104. Which English Dramatist And Poet Was Born At Stratford - Upon - Avon In 1564 ?

Answer :

William Shakespeare.

Question 105. Shakespear Of India ?

Answer :

Kalidasa 

Question 106. Who Invented The Fictional Detective, Hercule Poirot ?

Answer :

Agatha Christie. 

Question 107. William Sydney Porter Was A Famous American Short Story Writer. What Pen Name Did He Use ?

Answer :

O’Henry

Question 108. What Is Blank Verse ?

Answer :

It is a sequence of Iambic pentametres. But this is unrhymed.

Question 109. What Is Quatrain ?

Answer :

A quatrain is a stanza of four line in a poem. They can be rhymed or unrhymed.

Question 110. What Is Terza Rima ?

Answer :

It is Iambic pentametre ryhming aba beb cdc ded etc.

Question 111. Which Is The Autobiography Of Adolf Hitler ?

Answer :

Mein Kampf ( My life ).

Question 112. Which Are The Two Long Poems Written By William Shakespeare ?

Answer :

They are “ Venus and Adonis ” and “ The Rape of Lucrece ”. 

Question 113. Who Wrote This Epitaph For His Own Grave ‘ Casta Cold Eye, On Life And Death, Horesman Pass By ’ ?

Answer :

W.A. Yeats.

Question 114. Who Wrote The Book “ Life Divine ” ?

Answer :

Aravinda.

Question 115. How May Sonnets Are There In Shakespeare’s Credit ?

Answer :

There are one hundred and fifty four sonnets in his credit. 

Question 116. Which Literary Work Of Salman Rushdhi Recently Provoked The Leaders Of Muslim Sect In Iran ?

Answer :

MSatanic Verses.

Question 117. What Is A Sonnet ?

Answer :

A poem of fourteen Iambic pentametre lines is a sonnet.

Question 118. What Is Elizabethan English ?

Answer :

English language used during the period of elizabeth I of england is called elizabethan english.

Question 119. What Does Victorian English Mean ?

Answer :

The english language used during the period of queen Victoria.

Question 120. What Is The Name Of The Villainous Pirate In Treasure Island By R.l. Stevenson ?

Answer :

Long John Silver.

Question 121. Who Was The Boy Brought Up By Wolves In Rudyard Kiplings “ The Jungle Book ” ?

Answer :

Mowgli

Question 122. What Is The Anthology Of 400 Tamil Poems On Valour By Various Poets Of Sanga Age Called ?

Answer :

Purananooru

Question 123. Which Composer Wrote Rhapsody In Blue ?

Answer :

George Gershwin

Question 124. Who Holds The Records For Fastest Speed In Hindi Shorthand ?

Answer :

Ajay Gosh, a chief reporter of rajya sabha, has created a national record in hindi shortland with a speed of 230 wpm. His achievement has been entered in the limca book of records.

Question 125. Widely Spoken Language ?

Answer :

English

Question 126. What Is American English ?

Answer :

The english language spoken by the americans is termed as american english. 

Question 127. What Is Known As English Sonnet ?

Answer :

Shakespearean sonnet is called english sonnet.

Question 128. What Are Triplets ?

Answer :

Lines rhyming in sets of three in any metre are termed triples.

Question 129. What Is Doggerel ?

Answer :

This term is used to identify verse of loose and irregular measure.

Question 130. What Is Heroic Couplet ?

Answer :

Lines rhyming in pairs and are the iambic pentametre lines are termed by this word.

Question 131. What Is The Biggest Dictionary In The World ?

Answer :

“ Britanica of english language ”.

Question 132. Which Is The Most Widely Used Dictionary Of American Language ?

Answer :

Webster’s Dictionary.

Question 133. What Was The Psuedonym Used By H.h.munro ?

Answer :

Saki ( 1870 - 1960 ) he began his career writing political satires for the ‘ west minister gazette ’.

Question 134. What Is Postscript ?

Answer :

It is a part added to a letter after the signature.

Question 135. Who Wrote The Great Treasury Of Tales In Sanskrit Called Kathasarithsagara ?

Answer :

Somadeva

Question 136. What Was The Name Of Sindbad The Sailor’s Enormous Bird ?

Answer :

The roc

Question 137. Which Literary Character Said “ If Everybody Minded Their Own Business The World Would Go Round A Great Deal Faster Than It Does ” ?

Answer :

The duchess in Alice in Wonderland by Lewis Carrol.

Question 138. In A Play Or Story, What Is Peripeteia ?

Answer :

A sudden change of fortune, unexpected reversal of circumstances, eg., the down fall of antonio in ‘ The merchant of venice ’ .

Question 139. What Is A Parenthesis ?

Answer :

A word or a pharse inserted into a sentence, usually within bracket or between commas or hypens. It adds to the information of description but without it the sentence would still get grammatically complete.

Question 140. What Is A Holograph ?

Answer :

A single word which describes a document written in the handwriting of the person.

Question 141. Who Is A Ghost - Writer ?

Answer :

A person who writes a book, speech or an article on behalf of another. The credit is being given to the person for whom it is written.

Question 142. Who Is A Freelance Writer ?

Answer :

A writer who is not on the taff, or on contract of any particular organisation and may take assignments as he wishes.

Question 143. What Is Gobbledygook ?

Answer :

The use of long, involved and complicated word where simple ones would do eg. using the word “ terminological inexactitude ” where the simple wordlie would surface.

Question 144. What Is An Epigram ?

Answer :

A short poem or a verse, or a pointed statement on a subject ending in a witty thought.

Question 145. From Which Language Does The Word “ Algebra ” Come ?

Answer :

Arabic - al - jabr - which means the reduction.

Question 146. By What Persian Name Is The Essential Oil Of Flowers Used In Perfumery Known ?

Answer :

Attar - a word with the persian derived from arabic.

Question 147. What Is The German Word For Germany ?

Answer :

Deutschland.

Question 148. How Did The Word In “ Juggernaut ” Come Into The English Language ?

Answer :

It is corruption of jugganath, one of the forms of lord vishnu.

Question 149. What Does The Name “ Eskimo ” Mean ?

Answer :

Eater of raw flesh.

Question 150. What Is The Origin Of The Word Robot ?

Answer :

It comes from the Czechoslovakian word ‘ Robota ’ meaning compulsory or forced labour.

Question 151. How Was The Name ‘ Bihar ’ Formed ?

Answer :

From ‘ Vihara ’ which is the term of buddist monastery.

Question 152. Who Is The Author Of The Remark, The Difference Between Journalism And Literature Is That Journalism Is Unreadable And Literature Is Not Read ?

Answer :

Oscar wilde.

Question 153. What Is The “ Nadu ” In Tamil Nadu ?

Answer :

Nadu

Question 154. ‘ Good Grief Is The Main Title Of The Biography Of A Popular Cartoonist. Whose Biography Is It ?

Answer :

Charles M. Schulz, creator of peanuts.

Question 155. In South Africa What Is The Literal Meaning Of The Word ‘ Apartheid ’ ?

Answer :

‘ Apartness ’ and the term is used form racial segregation and discrimination. 

Question 156. The Word ‘ Tip ’, The Sense Of A Gratuity For A Service Rendered, Is An Abbreviation. For What Did The T-i-p Stand ?

Answer :

To insure prompyness. A small sum was put into a box or given in coffee shop from old days. This money was given to insure prompt service.

Question 157. Of Which Word Is ‘ Bus ’ An Abbreviation ?

Answer :

“ Omnibus ” - in latin it means for all.

Question 158. From Where Did The Word ‘ Academy ’ Originate ?

Answer :

From the greek word ‘ Akademeia ’ or ‘ Akademia ’ , the name of the gymnasium or school founded by plato.

Question 159. In The Word “ Petroleum ”, To What Does The “ Petro ” Refer ?

Answer :

Stone rock, from the greek word “ petros ” ( stone ) are “ petra ” ( rock ).

Question 160. Which Foreign Poet Is So Far The Only Honorary Fellow Of The Sahitya Academy ?

Answer :

Leopold Segar Senghor.

Question 161. What Is Latin Word From Which The Word Salary Originated ?

Answer :

‘ Salarium ’ which was the money paid to roman soldiers.

Question 162. Which Is The Longest Poem In The World ?

Answer :

The mahabharata an ancient epic has been labelled the longest poem in the world because of the fact that it 220,000 lines in length covering a total of 5,400 pages spread over 18 large volumes. This stupendous work was written between the years 400 B.C and 150 B.C.

THE PLAYS OF WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE

 Prof.Abdelhamid Fouda 

==================================

**The Main Characteristics of Shakespearean Plays: Comedy, Tragedy, History

William Shakespeare

(1564-1616) is considered to be the greatest writer in English Literature. He composed over 150 sonnets and wrote some of the most famous plays in the English language. His plays are generally categorised as Comedies, Tragedies and Histories. There is some debate about which category some of the plays should be included in as there are often crossovers between the genres. So, which plays did he write and what are the features of the different genres?

SHAKESPEARE'S COMEDY

Comedy is not necessarily what a modern audience would expect comedy to be. Whilst there may be some funny moments, a Shakespearean comedy may involve some very dramatic storylines. Usually what defines a Shakespearean play as a comedy is that it has a happy ending, often involving a marriage. The main characteristics in Shakespeare's Comedies are:

✓A struggle of young lovers to overcome problems, often the result of the interference of their elders

✓There is some element of separation and reunification

✓Mistaken identities, often involving disguise

✓A clever servant

✓Family tensions that are usually resolved in the end

✓Complex, interwoven plot-lines

✓Frequent use of puns and other styles of comedy

The Shakespearean plays which are usually classed as Comedy are:

The Merchant of Venice, Twelfth Night, All's Well That Ends Well, The Tempest, Taming of the Shrew, The Winter's Tale, As You Like It, The Comedy of Errors, Love's Labours Lost, A Midsummer Night's Dream, The Two Gentlemen of Verona, The Merry Wives of Windsor, Measure for Measure, Much Ado About Nothing, Pericles, Prince of Tyre and The Two Noble Kinsmen.

SHAKESPEAREAN TRAGEDY

Tragedies may involve comedic moments, but tend towards more serious, dramatic plots with an ending that involves the death of the main characters. The main features of a Shakespearean Tragedy are that:

✓Characters become isolated or there is a social breakdown

✓Ends in death

✓There is a sense that events are inevitable or inescapable

✓There is usually a central figure who is noble but with a character flaw that leads them towards their eventual downfall.

The plays which are generally classed as Shakespearean Tragedy are: Macbeth, Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, Titus Andronicus, Julius Caesar, Troilus and Cressida, Othello, Coriolanus, King Lear, Antony and Cleopatra, Timon of Athens and Cymbeline (this is debated, with some scholars classifying it as a Comedy)

SHAKESPEARE 'S HISTORIES

Shakespeare's Histories focus on English monarchs. They usually play upon Elizabethan propaganda, showing the dangers of civil war and glorifying the queen's Tudor ancestors. The depictions of monarchs including Richard III (an enemy of the Tudors) and Henry V (one of the great Tudor monarchs) have been influential in creating a perception of these kings which has persisted throughout the centuries. Many historians point to inaccuracies in the depictions, but the plays have been very powerful in presenting a particular image that is hard for many people to see past.

The Histories are King John, Richard II, Henry IV (parts I and II), Henry V, Henry VI (parts I, II and III), Richard III and Henry VIII.

The plays, Coriolanus, Julius Caesar and Antony and Cleopatra are classified both as Tragedies and as Roman Histories.

what-morning-show-teaches-us-redemption-arianna-huffington

 Prof.Abdelhamid Fouda 

============================

Is there room for redemption? Is there room for self-reflection and forgiveness?” That’s Jennifer Aniston on the central question being explored in the last few episodes of “The Morning Show,” the Apple TV+ drama that recently ended its second season. Spoiler alert — if you haven’t yet watched it, I encourage you to do so before reading what follows. And I definitely urge you to watch it. I loved it and I’m already dealing with withdrawal symptoms while waiting for Season 3. 

The question of whether there is room for forgiveness, redemption and growth is central to our culture right now. “The Morning Show’s” second season ends just as the pandemic is beginning. And as it did for many of us, the pandemic and the existential threat it represents causes the main characters to re-evaluate their lives and ask themselves big questions about who they want to be and what they really value. And part of that means taking responsibility for our mistakes so we can grow, evolve and redeem ourselves.

As Joan Didion put it, “We tell ourselves stories in order to live.” And in all good stories, as in the stories of our lives, growth and transformation are central. That’s the whole point of life, but right now our culture has conflated redemption and forgiveness with exoneration. But if we can’t learn from our past, we can’t build a better future — either individually or collectively. These are the questions being faced by Mitch Kessler (played by Steve Carell). After being exposed as a sexual predator in Season 1, he’s back in Season 2, a pariah living in Italy trying to come to grips with what he’s done.

His former co-host and close friend, Alex Levy (played by Jennifer Aniston), is afraid of being canceled by association. They meet in Italy at very different stages of their journeys: Alex, desperate to protect her public persona, by which she defines herself; Mitch, having moved from denial to acknowledgment of the wrongs he perpetrated, now struggling to grow beyond who he was and what he did.

The good thing about being canceled, Mitch says, is that you find out “who believes that you have the capacity as a human being to change.” He practically begs Alex: “I don't have the tools to understand… Could you teach me? I want to be a better person… I want to be a good person.” But Alex can’t help — she’s still too wedded to what the public thinks of her. 

For Mitch, the process of going from denial to a recognition of what he’s done is torture — that’s why recognizing and taking responsibility for our actions is so hard. In fact, that’s what hell really is. Dante’s Inferno is not a place but a state of mind. And as the show makes clear, there’s no shortcut — without accepting full responsibility, with all the torture that entails, there can be no redemption.

For Carl Jung, this meant coming to terms with what he called “the Shadow,” which he described as “that hidden, repressed, for the most part inferior and guilt-laden personality.” The more we repress and deny it, the more power it has over us, and the more we project it onto others.

It’s in the middle of this journey that Alex has reconnected with Mitch. He tries to see the possibility of his redemption through her eyes, but she’s too caught up in herself and her own fears. After Alex leaves, driving late at night, Mitch is tormented by the latest accusations against him swirling in his head. After swerving to avoid an oncoming car, he lets his own car careen over the cliff.

What’s so powerful about the series is how it humanizes Mitch without exonerating him. As Kerry Ehrin, the show’s brilliant showrunner, puts it, “The way Steve played it is that he wanted to be able to redeem himself inside of himself, and he would not allow it. He couldn’t go there, because he was really acknowledging what he’d done. And so, it was a kind of prison.”

In her eulogy at Mitch’s memorial, Alex speaks about their last moments together: “Mitch made unforgivable choices. And I wanted you to know that he was really starting to understand the effects of his actions. He was remorseful. He wanted to do better. He wanted to be better. And I know that's not enough. And it will never, ever be enough.” But why should it never, ever be enough? Why shouldn’t we be allowed to do the hard, painful work until it is enough? Until we can earn redemption?

In the last episode, Alex gets COVID and hosts a livestream from her apartment as her temperature continues to go up: “I think we can all agree that the world seems to be at a turning point, and life right now is presenting me with some adversity,” she says. “I’m looking inward and asking myself who is it that I actually want to be? And then I'm looking in the mirror, and I’m asking if that's actually who I am. I think a lot of people are going to be doing that.”

With death — both Mitch’s death and the specter of large numbers dying of COVID — becoming the fitting counterpoint to the idea of redemption, questions about how we live our lives, how we grow beyond our worst moments, how, as another character puts it, we get our “soul straight” and how we achieve justice tempered by mercy become more urgent than ever.

That’s the point of Portia’s speech by that much older showrunner, William Shakespeare. Mercy, Portia says in The Merchant of Venice, is “an attribute to God himself... It blesseth him that gives and him that takes.” And as Portia warns, seeking justice alone without mercy won’t work out well for any of us in the end.

Baylor University ethics professor Matthew Lee Anderson sums it up perfectly: “If mercy does not season justice, our culture’s pursuit of retribution could be our undoing... we must find ways to temper our pursuits of justice with mercy. But that means we should engage with a person in a broader context than 140 characters.”

We’re at a moment when we’re going through a long-overdue reckoning with injustices of many kinds. But allowing for forgiveness, redemption and growth isn’t antithetical to that process. In fact, it’s a core part of it.

“One of the things I love so much about the show is how it will never just be black and white,” Aniston says. “It will always peep behind the curtain of the real conversations that are going on behind closed doors that are never dared to be uttered out loud and in public.” I can’t wait for Season 3 to continue peeping behind the curtain both of real conversations and of what it means to be human.

نماذج مشرفه لجمهورية مصر العربيه 🇪🇬🇪🇬🇪🇬🇪🇬🇪🇬

 نماذج مشرفه لجمهورية مصر العربيه 

🇪🇬🇪🇬🇪🇬🇪🇬🇪🇬

عبدالحميد ذيدان فودة

معلم اول( ا) لغة انجليزية  للمرحلة الثانوية بمدرسة عمر بن الخطاب الرسمية لغات كفر الدوار...البحيرة 

تخرجت من كلية التربية  جامعة الإسكندرية قسم اللغة الإنجليزية عام ٢٠٠٠ ثم التحقت بكلية الآداب جامعة الإسكندرية مرة اخري وتخرجت منها عام ٢٠٠٥ وتعينت بوزارة التربية والتعليم عام ٢٠٠٢ وكانت البداية في مدرسة احمد ابوزهرة ثم تفوقت في عملي كمعلم لغة انجليزية وسعيت للدراسة بالخارج وبالفعل نجحت في اختبارت المنحة التي دعمتها الوزارة عام ٢٠٠٩ والتحقت بجامعة نورثيمبيريا بمدينة نيوكاسل بالمملكة المتحدة للعام الدارسي ٢٠٠٩ /٢٠١٠ ثم عملت معلم مساعد ببعض المدارس البريطانية بمدينة نيوكاسل  منها مدرسة باتل هيل ومدرسة سانت كاثرين وتخرجت من الجامعة في انحلترا وحصلت علي دبلومة عليا في التدريس كمعلم دولي محترف من جامعة نورثيمبريا ورجعت لمصر بلدى الحبيبة عام ٢٠١٠ وعملت بمدرسة عمر بن الخطاب الرسمية لغات الحالية منذ أن عدت... ثم حصلت علي العديد من الشهادات والتي منها شهادة ودرع المعلم المثالى علي مستوى المحافظة عام ٢٠١١  وشاركت في التدريب ببرنامج التعليم اولا الذى دعمته وزارة التربية والتعليم ثم مدربا لبرنامج إنتل اون لاين عندما كنت بادارة مركز كفر الدوار التعليمية قبل سفري للخارج وقبل انتقالي لإدارة بندر كفر الدوار الحالية ...ثم شاركت في الجائزة الدولية للمشاركات التعليمية بين مصر ودول آخرى وعملت مدربا بادارة بندر كفر الدوار فور قدومي من الخارج ودربت معظم  معلمي اللغة الإنجليزية بادارة بندر كفر الدوار الأمر الذى نلت عليه شهادات كثيرة من مدير الإدارة المحترم الاستاذ عبد الغني والسادة موجهين اللغه الانجليزيه مطبقا افضل السبل والاساليب  الحديثة في التعليم التي قد درستها وتعلمت من أصحاب اللغة والتي اكتسبتها من معظم المعلمين الانجليز مطبقا في ذلك احدث وسائل التكنولوجيا  الحديثة

بالاضافة الى انني 

ايضا شاركت في برنامج الحكومة الإلكترونية.. المشروع الضخم الذى قامت به وزارة التربية والتعليم لحصر كافة معلمي مصر وتحويلها الي قاعدة بيانات ضخمة والتي سهلت التعامل مع ملفاتهم الي صفحات اليكترونيه...وايضا تلقيت تدريبات في الجامعة الأمريكية من خلال حضور مؤتمرات مثل النايل تايسول ونلت علي ذلك  اكثر من شهادة في مجال تدريس اللغة الإنجليزية والذى يقام سنويا في الجامعة الأمريكية بالقاهره 

كما حصلت على شهادة في تدريس اللغة العربية لغير الناطقين بها من جامعة القاهرة..كليه دار العلوم عام ٢٠١٨